Convection

Convection is always connected with the transport of particles, which carry their energy with them. Therefore, there can be no convection in a vacuum.

In convection, a flowing fluid either absorbs or releases heat. In doing so, it flows over the surface of another medium, which leads to an equalization of temperatures.

The cause of the transporting flow is gravity or forces resulting from differences in density, temperature or concentration.

A distinction is made between forced and free convection.

Forced convection is caused by external forces, such as a fan, while free convection is caused by the effects of the temperature gradient.